![]() When the hydrogen is exhausted, the Sun's temperature at the surface will begin to cool and the outer layers will expand outward to near the orbit of Mars. This took roughly 4.5 billion years to accomplish. Right now, about half the amount of hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been fused into helium. Under these conditions, hydrogen atoms come so close together that they fuse. The Sun's core is an astonishing 29,000,000 degrees F., while the pressure is about 100 billion times the atmospheric pressure here on Earth. The solar cycle affects activity on the surface of the Sun.Can an increase or decrease in sunspot activityĪ typical star, the Sun has a diameter of approximately 865,000 miles (nearly 10 times larger than the diameter of Jupiter) and is composed primarily of hydrogen. The Sun’s magnetic field at the north pole and south pole changes each solar cycle In a solar cycle, the poles of the Sun's magnetic field will change places The electrically charged sun produces a strong magnetic field, the magnetic field undergoes a cycle of activity called the solar cycle Characteristics such as magnetic field, velocity, temperature and density of the solar wind depend on the activity on the surface of the Sun according to the solar cycle The flow of charged particles released from the corona is known as the solar wind In the corona, the temperature of about 1 million ° C of the Sun's gravitational pull is not strong enough to withstand the fast-moving charged particles and then be released into space It is a cloud of particles thrown into outer space and moves slower than a solar flare Contains billions of tons of mass that can reach speeds of several million kilometre per hour Produced alone or together with solar flares or bright solar plasma and a strong magnetic field from the corona into outer space The release of a cloud of particles i.e. The glowing red ring is plasma, which is a hot gas composed of electrically charged hydrogen and helium Solar eruptions that start from the photosphere to the corona Emitted to Earth causes aurora events and disrupts telecommunication systems and satellite functions ![]() The electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays and into outer space Releases electrons, ions and atoms and emits long radiation A strong eruption of radiation caused by the release of magnetic energy around the sun's spots ![]() It is the cooler part of the photosphere layer and is influenced by the strength of the Sun's magnetic field Due to the plasma convective current in the convection zone Looks like an arrangement of cells on the surface of the photosphere The phenomenon that occurs on the surface of the Sun: The temperature is about 1 million ° C and forms a bluish-white circle that appears during a solar eclipse The Sun's outermost layer and extends millions of kilometers into outer space ![]() The red color is produced by hydrogen gas at high temperatures The chromosphere appears as a red circle around the Moon during a solar eclipse The temperature is about 4,400-25,000 ° C with a thickness of about 2,000 km Convection occurs due to explosions that occur on the surface of the Sun The sunlight that can be seen from the Earth comes from the photosphere The temperature is about 6,000 ° C and the thickness is about 300 km The surface layer of the Sun can be seen with the help of a telescope The flow of energy moves in a vortex forming convective cells as in a boiling kettle Electromagnetic radiation from the radiation zone moves to the convection zone producing an outward vortex (rotating plasma) The convection zone extends from a depth of 200,000 km to the photosphere Plasma is a type of gas that can conduct electric current Consists of plasma, like the whole of the Sun The Sun's layer above the radiation zone and below the photosphere The thickness of the radiation zone varies between stars and some have no radiation zone The radiation zone extends 70% of the Sun's core, which is approximately at a depth of 200,000 - 515.00 km below the Sun's surface Energy from the Sun's core travels outward through the radiation zone in the form of electromagnetic radiation (photons) The layer of the Sun between the core and the convection zone Heat energy and sunlight come from the combination of hydrogen nuclei that form helium at the center of the Sun Allows thermonuclear fusion to take place The temperature is about 15 million ° C The deepest layer at the center of the Sun The characteristics of each layer of the Sun: The sun is the main source of energy for life on the Earth's surface The Sun is the closest ball of hot gas/star to Earth and is at the center of the Solar System Activities of the Sun that Affect the Earth
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